Saturday, August 22, 2009

Outliers | Malcolm Gladwell

"Outliers: The Story of Success" is the third book published by Malcolm Gladwell, a British born Canadian journalist that writes for The New Yorker. His first two books were "The Tipping Point" and "Blink"; "Outliers" follows a similar framework. A hypothesis is made and then backed up by statistics and a few examples.

Gladwell's hypothesis states that he believes that people in society are successful for a number of key factors:

1. Intelligence (you need to be smart, but not necessarily a genius)
2. Dedication to your practice (over 10,000 hours in your field)
3. Cultural upbringings (where you come from historically - both geographically and by caste)
4. Time of birth (to take advantage of emerging trends)
5. Luck (key breaks)

The bread and butter comes from Gladwell's examples. It's important to read these examples with a grain of salt, because a lot of the 'one of' examples have holes in them - and not just based on the limited sample size. However, there are a few examples with lots of research to back them up, and they are very interesting to read.

I won't go into detail here, but some of the topics include:

A) Why successful hockey players are most likely to be born between January and March [statistically backed up]
B) Bill Gates & The Beatles [examples of the 10,000 hour rule]
C) The intelligence threshold [proof that you need to be smart, but not a genius]
D) Cultural upbringing and timing [the rise of the poor Italian immigrant lawyers in NY]
E) Why plane crashes happen [influenced by culture]
F) Why Asians are good at math [this was quite interesting]
G) Why people from good homes do better academically [he 'proves' that this doesn't occur in school, but during the summer]

This is the book in a nutshell, and while some of the points are loosely thrown together [stories about Bill Gates & The Beatles], others have a substantial amount of research behind them and are very interesting in themselves. Learning about random things like how to tend rice paddies were enthralling and will forever be implanted in my mind. As with Gladwell's other books, I caution to look at what he says with a critical eye. The questions you ask as you read along are important. The book is meant for the reader to think, not to blindly accept. Keeping this in mind, "Outliers" was a very enjoyable and informative read.
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QUOTATIONS:
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"Those three things - autonomy, complexity, and a connection between effort and reward - are, most people agree, the three qualities that work has to have if it is to be satisfying." 149

"Hard work is a prison sentence only if it does not have meaning. Once it does, it becomes the kind of thing that makes you grab your wife around the waist and dance a jig." 150

Wednesday, August 19, 2009

Angels & Demons | Dan Brown

This is going to be a quick review, because this is a book that just “is what it is.” “Angels & Demons” is a thriller about Robert Langdon, a Harvard symbologist who happens to be able to cheat death on numerous occasions due to his knowledge of history and religious symbols.

Langdon is flown into CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, to investigate a death of a scientist, claimed to be killed by the Illuminati (a satanic cult). The killer has stolen “antimatter”, which when not stabilized, can cause more damage than a nuclear bomb. The “antimatter” is placed somewhere in the Vatican and is scheduled to react with matter (blow-up) in 24 hours. The plot of the story details the quest to find the killer and save the Vatican while restoring order to the institute of religion.

This book is a page turner, but the characters (especially Langdon) are formulaic. The ‘love story’ is cliche and the plot was similar to “The DaVinci Code”, Dan Brown’s most famous work. “Angels & Demons” was a story based on a bunch of conspiracy theories which happened to teach us a little bit about Rome and the Vatican. The problem with these types of books, is that you are never certain which pieces are fictional and which are non-fictional unless you do additional research.

The enjoyment I got from the book was from revisiting places that I had seen in Rome, coupled with things that I had missed (ie: The Pantheon was closed when I was there). The illustrated edition helped with this aspect of the book greatly; the pictures, on the whole, were well done.

In addition, Dan Brown included some good points on the religion versus science debate and the nature of our society (in two speeches in particular), but overall this novel’s true character came out: it was a smutty attempt at literature in an effort to make one man and his publisher rich.

Monday, August 17, 2009

A Passage to India | E.M. Forster

“A Passage to India” by E.M. Forster chronicles the English occupation of India in the mid-1800’s. The book shows the racism and hatred amongst parties, and details the friendship of a Muslim Indian (Dr. Aziz) with an Englishman, Cyril Fielding, in the city of Chandrapore.

Dr. Aziz immediately takes to Fielding upon meeting him, and eventually demonstrates the importance of their friendship by showing him a picture of his deceased wife, taboo in Muslim tradition. Their relationship has its ebbs and flows over time due to trust issues stemming from poor treatment of Dr. Aziz by other English men and women after ‘the incident’.

In an attempt to make friends with some English ladies, Dr. Aziz takes them on a trip to the Marabar Caves. When Adela Quested is assaulted in a cave, she blames Dr. Aziz; No other people are present save a guide, and she assumes that Aziz is directly responsible. When Dr. Aziz returns to Chandrapore, he is arrested.

Fielding, implicitly trusting Dr. Aziz’, states that he is innocent and is immediately ostracized himself by the English in Chandrapore. When the trial begins, Adela breaks down and proclaims that Dr. Aziz is indeed, innocent – she had somehow mixed things up. Despite the trial’s resolution, the country continues to be divided amongst racial lines.

Dr. Aziz eventually forgives Adela, and proves it by waiving the charge of damages resulting from the trial. When Fielding decides to go back to England for a time, Dr. Aziz assumes it is to marry Adela. This breaks their friendship, as Aziz takes the act as an indirect theft of his waived damages. Their relationship is eventually saved by the spirit of Mrs. Moore (an English woman), whom Dr. Aziz loved in a purely platonic way.

That’s about it, in a nutshell. This book is praised in most circles and is known as one of the Modern Library’s 100 Greatest Books of All-Time. Somehow, I had a problem connecting both with the story and with the characters.

The consensus on the Forster’s prose seemed to be one of fluidity and skill, but I never got that impression. The language was fairly lost on me, and I didn’t find many transcendent quotes which had me running for a pen.

In addition, the event at the caves occurred about halfway through the novel, and ended with approx 80 pages remaining. In my mind, those eighty pages had little substance in them, despite the friendship renewal with Fielding and the plight of Mrs. Moore.

The character descriptions were loose, and amongst some of the fringe characters, you never really had a sense of who they were or what their purpose was. Despite the subject, this novel never captivated me, though it had the potential.

Forster did a decent job of portraying India through the eyes of the English, which was paralleled by his brief painting of the landscape and lifestyle of the people. To me, this is the greatest thing that can be taken from the novel, whether this was intended by the author or not. The novel is a discreet commentary on just how little the English learned about India. The rest of the novel fell short of drama, passion and ingenuity, and seemed to just float along with the reader. I was surprised by the praise of this work, and disappointed with the effort as a whole.

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QUOTATIONS
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"One can tip too much as well as too little; indeed the coin that buys the exact truth has not yet been minted." 10

"He had discovered that it is possible to keep in with Indians and Englishmen, but that he who would also keep in with Englishwomen must drop the Indians.  The two wouldn't combine.  Useless to blame either party, useless to blame them for blaming one another.  It just was so, and one had to choose."  52

"...he had dulled his craving for verbal truth and cared chiefly for truth of mood."  60-61

"Aziz overrated hospitality, mistaking it for intimacy, and not seeing that it is tainted with the sense of possession." 127

"The triumphant machine of civilization may suddenly hitch and be immobilized into a car of stone, and at such moments the destiny of the English seems to resemble their predecessors', who also entered the country with intent to refashion it, but were in the end worked into its pattern and covered with its dust."  190

"...we all build upon sand; and the more modern the country gets, the worse'll be the crash." 250

Wednesday, August 12, 2009

Book Shopping | A Passion

I've been doing a lot of reading this month so I'm getting close to finishing the latest bookclub book - "A Passage to India" by E.M. Forster. I'll probably post a review some time this weekend.

In the interim, I thought I'd write a little note on some of my favour things about book shopping because I was just daydreaming of things I would like to be doing at this current moment. Along with the standard endorphins released during purchasing through the pleasure centre of the brain, here are some particular things I love about book shopping:


1. Quality of Books
I prefer to NOT buy new books. Initially I did this for cost considerations, but I also began to appreciate the fact that I was not hurting the environment. In addition, the quality of many older books is much better. Some books that have withstood the test of time are of such a quality that in today's cost-cutting world, no one would have taken the time/effort/expense to re-create them. Since I read mainly classic literature, there have been quite a few publisher's who have a strong feeling about creating a piece of art that will be enjoyed for years to come. Some of my favourites are "The Franklin Library", "The Easton Press", "The Folio Society", "The Modern Library" and "Everyman's Library (Knopf)." I'm told that "The Limited Editions Club" has some pretty nice things, but I'll never be able to afford them.



2. Thrill of the Hunt
I love the feeling I get when I go into a book store. I look around and there are endless surprises awaiting me in every corner. I never know what I'm going to find, and the excitement of the hunt is something I will never get by buying books online. Even if they are good deals, I don't feel the same if I haven't invested time looking for something.

3. Adventuring
I also love to walk around a city and come across a book store randomly. If I haven't been there before, chances are I'm either going to find NOTHING or a TON of things. The problem with finding a ton of things (other than the inevitable hit to the pocketbook) is that I may not be able to carry them all home. That being said, if I'm in a new city... I love adventuring and coming across book stores. I had a great time in Vancouver doing this - and I really had to be choosy with the books I brought home. My favourite was a 2 volume Franklin Library set of Homer ("The Iliad" and "The Odyssey") in beautiful green leather with a different colour patch on the spine where the title is.

4. Deals
I alluded to deals above - there is nothing I like more about shopping than finding something I LOVE that is also a great deal. When I find something truly unique (generally expensive), I want to run to the Internet to check out if the book is a good deal or not. No matter how nice a book looks, you don't want to pay $300 for something that is worth $100. The other way is okay.


I'm less likely to make a mistake if I go to a used book store that I know and trust the owner or can at least have done a couple dozen comparisons and can identify that the book prices are generally comparable to Abebooks [what I generally refer to as market price]. In some cases of rare finds in book stores I come across randomly, I've been prone to make a few mistakes.


5. Talking to the Owners / Workers
Book lovers and owners are an interesting breed. They know a lot about literature, and sometimes, how the world works in general. I love picking their brains and learning about how book selling works, interesting things they know about authors, or historic facts. The only problem is, a lot of these people have an abundance of time to chat (they also love to do it), so if you're in a time rush you may not want to strike up a conversation.

6. The Aesthetics of the Books
People sometimes view me as a book snob for this, but I just really love the look of books [especially on nice book shelves]. I could write tons on the organization methods of some people and book shelves, but I generally put items of the same publisher together. A Folio Society book is very different from a Franklin library, because the former books all have slipcases and the latter books are all made out of leather. This becomes an easy distinction on the shelves. I also try to group my first editions together, and I have separate shelves for authors with large works such as J.R.R. Tolkien. I also have another book case which I put "regular" books, and they're generally categorized by hardcover/softcover and sometimes by genre. In addition, the books that I have with a remainder mark (which I view as evil) are in their own section - a section of shame.

To get back to my original thought, I just love reading when I'm surrounded by a library. I don't know what it is, but it just makes me feel good.

7. Patient Friends
I love shopping with other people, only if they give me an appropriate amount of time at each store. In addition, it's great fun to talk about books you see on the shelves - how much you liked the novel, how evil a character is, how bad an author is, etc. Surrounding yourself with friends that are fellow book lovers is generally very enjoyable.

Well, that's about all about my book shopping. Tune in next time for my review on "A Passage to India."

Sunday, August 09, 2009

When Nothing Else Matters: Michael Jordan's Last Comeback | Michael Leahy

This novel chronicles the three years of Michael Jordan's comeback (from 2001 to 2003), written by Washington Post journalist Michael Leahy.

It seemed like a storybook ending. After his game winning shot in 1998 to beat the Utah Jazz and take home his sixth title, Michael Jordan retired for the second time. He had accomplished so many accolades over the course of his career:

Rookie of the Year
Five Time NBA MVP
Six Time NBA Champion
Six Time NBA Finals MVP
Ten Time All-NBA First Team
Nine Time All-Defensive First Team
Defensive Player of the Year
Fourteen Time NBA All-Star
Three Time NBA All-Star MVP
Ten Time Scoring Champion
Etc.

All the hardware meant nothing to Michael Jordan. It was the love of the game, the desire for competition and the need for being 'it' that brought him back to the NBA to play out his last two seasons for the Washington Wizards.

This novel reveals some interesting things about Michael, both on the court and off. However, it's the feeling you get at the end of the book that you KNOW WHY Michael came back. You UNDERSTAND because Leahy takes you into his mind and shows you his thought processes (or at least as much as one can from a third party perspective). This is what makes this book so unique and enthralling.

Leahy gives us insight into Jordan's methodical approach to games and his constant search for information to use to his advantage. He takes you through his arguably inhumane treatment of his teammates and consequently, his lack of locker room friendships. Players had to prove themselves to Michael, and if they did not, they were constantly ridiculed. Jordan turned everything into a contest - something that could be bet on or used for bragging rights. It was about the competition and the adrenaline. Michael needed this, for whatever reason.

The book also shows you some interesting tidbits behind the scenes. It shows David Stern's role in the Jordan comeback. There is some insight into Doug Collins (Jordan's self-appointed coach) and his relationship with his #1 draft pick, Kwame Brown. Leahy details the relationships Jordan had with his teammate stars: Rip Hamilton and Jerry Stackhouse. Of particular interest to me, was how Jordan advocated trading for Stackhouse due to his grit. I think Jordan respected Stack because he would not back down to him, and he saw a lot of himself in the youngster. Unfortunately, the two players styles did not co-exist.

The book portrayed the different lives of NBA players - stars, average players and marginal players. It gave me some insight into front office politics and the manipulation of media by Jordan. This was probably the most fascinating part of the novel - a good insight into the mutually symbiotic relationship between the game and the media.

The book chronicled the personal relationships of Jordan, including the Karla Knafel affair and the divorce to Juanita Jordan. It showed the ownership struggles between Abe Pollin and Michael Jordan, leading to MJ's eventual firing after the 2002-03 season.

The book was extremely compelling and produced a balanced viewpoint on the Michael Jordan comeback years. The novel was able to look from the outside and realize that the story was ultimately about a game that men play to entertain society - to give people a break from their lives. It detailed the absurdity of even Michael Leahy's life - missing out on holidays and children's birthdays to chronicle what music Michael Jordan was listening to before his games or what side bet he had with members of the media. The greed of owners was presented and the inevitable struggle of an aging idol was presented - coupled with the fall in esteem from fans, media and owners.

Ultimately, the feelings I get from this book about Jordan are mixed. On the surface, he was unable to cope with his changing body. Underneath, he was unable to adapt his selfish actions and grasp the larger picture. He was the greatest player to ever play basketball, but that wasn't enough to make up for his treatment of bosses, teammates, media, fans and society in general. Eventually, these things will catch up to you - especially when you cease to be everyones financial meal ticket.

Jordan got what was coming to him - but I still can't help but feel sorry for him. His greatness in basketball couldn't make up for his ignorance of life. You can choose to blame him or the system that churns out young kids and gives them responsibilities they may not be able to handle (or both). Either way, when you look at Michael Jordan's story holistically, you can't help but feel something personally. My childhood delusions were once again cleared - Jordan was only a man with strong desires and amazing basketball abilities. Michael Leahy's novel brings us back to reality.

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QUOTATIONS
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"[Rival players] are going to take it to him," (Jon) Barry said.  "Going to try to take the throne.  There's going to be no mercy.  There's never mercy in this game, but there's especially not going to be any for him.  He showed none.  He was the king in exile, and now he's back and they want payback and want what he has.  And until they take it, they can't have it, so they're going to take it to him."  73

"Though the NBA did not reveal the identities of referees until shortly prior to a game, Jordan wanted their names brought to him on a card 45 minutes before tipoff, so he could have an idea how tightly or loosely a game would be officiated.  There was so much to do in thate hours before a game, he told aides.  Didn't people understand that?  He wanted no autograph signings, no posing for photos, no interviews, no distractions.  Anything that took him out of his pregame routine was a potential hindrance to his play."  90-91

"THere is an immutable law in basketball: someone must fall for someone else to rise.  Those at the top stay there only by beating down those just beneath them." 121

"In his prime, arriving in a city to find that its big gun at guard had suddenly come down with an injury or illness, he often privately dubbed the fooe's malady 'Jordanitis.'  It was basketball's version of an early TKO: He had scared the foe into sitting on his stool, instead of coming out to fight him.  These were victories inside the victories, and they mattered no less to him than the real thing." 121

"Jerry Krause, in trying to bar Jordan from playing at the end of the prvious season so as to extend his rehab, had told his star that his return to the court was a matter for the club, not Jordan, to decide; that Jordan was the Bull's 'property.'  An insulted Jordan played anyway, and never really forgave Krause.  Good political sense dictated avoiding the issue if one wanted to remain in Jordan's good graces."  165

"The NBA's so-called luxury tax - the levy imposed on high-spending teams whose player salaries exceed a ceiling reflective of a defined ration of league revenue - already had likely disappeared for the season, in large part because the jump in revenue from Jordan's presence allowed for larger aggregate player salaries, thereby pushing the year's salary cap beyond even the most profligate teams' expenditures.  Three NBA big spenders originally projected to be hit by the tax - Dallas, New York and Portland - consequently would pay nothing, saving their owners an estimated $60 million."  170

"Tweaked is sports parlance, a nice catchall word used when nobody has the slightest idea what is going on with an athlete's body.  Tweaked is to be employed when the grimacing athlete isn't writing.  Anything tweaked is thought to be no serious cause for concern, nothing more than a momentary pain." 227

"...if the NBA allowed a time-out every possession and the team could huddle up like a football squad, the Wizards would have a chance of winning every game; that no one in the league was better at freeing up someone for a shot than Collins." 229

==
"By then the media looked restless, as if Jordan wasn't getting around to what they most wanted him to talk about.  Finally, a reporter raised the subject: 'This is for Allen.  You played against Michael and Kobe both this year.'

Jordan was already smirking.

The reporter went on: 'Can you compare the two guys, and maybe think back on Michael before the retirement and compare the two ]Jordan's and Bryant's] games?'

Jordan sliced in.  'I wouldn't answer that question if I were you.  but go ahead.'

Iverson looked heistant.

'That's an unfair question,' Jordan went on. 'Truly.'

'You heard what he said,' Iverson said to the reporter.

'Next,' Jordan commanded, and the question was officially rejected."
==

"Once Bryant became preoccupied with a matchup, it threatened his ability to see the rest of a game." 255

"He was guarded in those last seconds by the 6'9" [Jerome] Williams, one of the league's toughest defensive players..." 279    HAHAHA

"He had, as John Hefferon observed, a 39-year-old's knees but a 25-year-old's dreams."  287

===
"To spend two seasons following a professional team is to understand that, in every moment, the game exists to pry away fan's dollars.  That's it; that's the deal.  The next thing to understand is that ball teams, like casinos, need you not to mind having your money pried away.  It is not that you don't hknow the prying is happening.  It's that you know and that you have decided there is some feeling that comes over you in the arena that makes it all right that your money has been lifted in the form of that C-note for the seats, the twenty for parking, the fifty on drinks and munchies.

I always wondered what could draw people, night after night, to what is after all just a game.  but in a world marred by so much imperfection and loss, on frigid winter days when the sun died too early and a man felt the chill of his life's regrets, it was nice sometimes just to drive to the arena with the defroster on and contemplate the possibility of seeing Michael Jordan perform brilliantly, to imagine fallaway jumpers rippling nets, again and again.  There is a benefit to being reminded that we are not so hardhearted that we cannot be moved like small children, that there remains room in our lives for something as mysterious as magic.  That is why we always have had sports, loved sports.  And there are winners there, unambiguous winners.  It can be uplifting, when, in truth, not much else is.

When the fans screamed as they screamed that night, they signaled their happiness with the delirium, which the reasonable among them understood could not be described and would not last.  Wha6tever pleasant sensation they had likely would be gone by the time they left the arena and found their cars.  But they had it for an instant.  And then Jordan came out of the time-out and hit another jumper and a couple of his teammates hit shots and now the din in the arena sounded like a wail, a plea, as it always does when the home team struggles in a tight game.

There is something achingly prayerful about it - I don't mean anything religious - but prayerful just the same, the screamers wanting something to lift them for a few seconds, to remind them that obstancles are not always insurmountable.  People pray with their shouts.  And if, afterward, they don't precisely know what they felt or why, they remember vaguely this stirring, and that keeps them coming bck to the games and to a Jordan, which perhaps is something worth having your money pried away for, every once in a while." 355-356
===
"There is no greater exercise in corporate self-love than an NBA All-Star weekend.  Every league event is designated to tout the product and trumpet the sterling character of the All-Stars.  Nearly all the players, it is pointed out, have a favorite charity.  A few emphasize the importance of reading to children.  The league distributes publicity sheets in case media attendees forget.  Sports commentators working for the networks demonstrate an uncanny instinct for self-preservation, by not straying from the spirit of the publicity sheets.  Over the years, they have been particularly supportive by not mentioning any of the following: charges for drug possession, gun possession, domestic battery and sexual assault, along with nightclub scuffles, civil suits or hush-money payments made to conceal extramarital affairs - anything, in short, that might raise a question about a star or the product.  The commentators sunnily emphasize the positive." 357

"If you were talking to refs, you needed to know how to talk to them for maximum benefit.  Never scream, never embarrass them, if you can help it, he advised.  Talk conversationally, tease them, gently lecture them and do it discreetly, so they do not feel exposed in front of a crowd or television audience.  You get the most that way." 367

" 'For some reason, Michael gets a satisfaction out of humiliating people,' [Tex Winters] said.  'I think it might be part of his competitive nature.  I think he competes even there... [in] personal relationships.' " 386

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"Either the shout of 'Zipper' or the motion of a zipper being opened meant that the Wizards would be isolating a portion of the court for Stackhouse, who would try to beat a defender on-on-one.

The Wizards understood that the Lakers knew these plays.  All NBA teams, especially late in the season, know their opponents' offenses and basic play-calls.  They know their opponents know theirs.  They don't give a damn.  The attitude becomes, if you can stop us, you win that possession.  We think we can score on you even if you know where the ball is going." 39